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Echinocereus ctenoides* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus ctenoides Engelmann ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus ctenoides (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:819. basionym: Cereus ctenoides Engelmann 1856:279. [see Engelmann 1859:31]. Type - locality: Coahuila, between Eagle Pass & Santa Rosa; Bigelow, Jan. 1853 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg1960:2021. Echinocereus pectinatus var. ctenoides* Weniger 1971:31 nom. inval. (no basionym given). Echinocereus pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Weniger ex Frank 1991:135. Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Frank 1997:136. Echinocereus spinosissimus var. ctenoides* (Engelmann) Ito 1981:237. nom. inval. (no basionym). Note: Echinocereus pectinatus var. wenigeri is considered by Frank (1997) to be a taxonomic synonym of this species. Echinocereus cucumis Werdermann 1949:3-4. Type - locality: unknown [received from Hummel in 1937 without location noted, but probably from Sonora, Mexico]. Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus noctiflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. Echinocereus nocturniflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. Echinocereus scheeri var. gentryi cultivar 'Cucumis' (Werdermann) Taylor 1984:155. Echinocereus scheeri var. gentryi fa. cucumis* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Note: Usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus scheeri subsp. gentryi. Echinocereus dahliaflorus*. [An April fool prank name in Mollers Deutche Garter-Zeitung 15:148 (1900) ]. Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelmann 1848a:100. Type - locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Mtns. near Cd. Juarez; Wislizenus (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50. Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Haage 1892:118. Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Earle 1971:80 nom. illegit. (later homonym). Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Taylor 1984:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym). Note: Benson uses the name Echinocereus pectinatus var. neomexicanus for this species. Neotype: Wright (MO 2016859) Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. crockettianus D. Felix & H. Bauer 2014. EcJ-Online 2 Sonderheft: V Type - locality: Texas: Crockett County, near Fort Lancaster; Anonymous 000577; 1991 (JE42/14) Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2021. = Echinocereus ctenoides. Echinocereus dasyacanthus ssp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Lode, Cact.-Avent. Int. 100:29, 2013. = Echinoereus ctenoides. Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval. (no basionym given) = Echinocereus hildmannii. Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278 nom. illegit. = Echinocereus roetteri. Note: This name is rejected by the author in his addenda of corrections and replaced by Echinocereus roetteri. Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. multispinosus D. Felix & H. Bauer 2014. - EcJ-Online 2 Sonderheft: VII Type - locality: Mexico: Chihuahua; west of Sierra El Morrion; Anonymous 002236; 1997 (JE 41/14) Cereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus Coulter 1896:384. Type - locality: "stony prairies along Escondido Creek", [Pecos County, Texas]; Wright 366, 6 June 1851 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus pectinatus var. neomexicanus (Coulter) Benson 1944:256. Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval. Note: Benson uses the name Echinocereus pectinatus var. neomexicanus for Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. dasyacanthus. The original var. neomexicanus was probably a natural hybrid (see Zimmerman 1993). Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval. (no basionym given). Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rectispinus Trocha & Fethke 1991:31-40. Type - locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, near Villa Ahumada; Fiehn 1979. (Hamburg Herbarium). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus pectinatus var. rectispinus* Zimmerman 1993:277 pro syn. Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum . Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998a:2. [see Blum et al. 1998b:118]. = Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rectispinus Trocha & Fethke 1991. Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Marshall & Bock 1941:119. = Echinocereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus. Echinocereus dasyacanthus fa. roetteri* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus roetteri. Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rubrus* Frič 1924:121 nom. nud. Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius Labouret 1853:321. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus deflexispinus var. spurius Monville ex Labouret 1853:321. pro syn. Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. steereae (Clover) Marshall 1945:115. = Echinocereus steereae. Echinocereus dasyacanthus fa. steereae* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus steereae. Echinocereus datae Laferriere 1997:28. Type - locality:Mexico, Chihuahua, near Nabogame; Laferriere 1425, 8 Apr 1988 (ARIZ). Echinocereus davisii Houghton 1931:466. Type - locality: Texas, 4 mi. south of Marathon; 4000 ft., Houghton 700 (US 1566585). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) Marshall & Bock 1941:119. Echinocereus viridiflorus fa. davisii (Houghton) Krainz 1967:51. Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. davisii (Houghton) Taylor 1997:10. Echinocereus decumbens Clover & Jotter 1941:417. Type - locality: Arizona, Coconino Co., Mile 16. ; Marble Canyon; Clover & Jotter 2212, 15 July 1938 (MICH 1115972). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:2. Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. = Echinocereus dasyacanthus. Cereus deflexispinus* var. spurius Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. = Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius. Echinocereus degandii* Rebut ex Schumann 1895:123 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus dasyacanthus]. Echinocereus delaetii (Gurke) Gurke 1909b:131. basionym: Cephalocereus delaetii Gurke 1909a:116-121. Type - locality: unknown [Probably Sierra Paila, Coahuila]. Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus longisetus var. delaetii (Gurke) Taylor 1988:79. Echinocereus longisetus subsp. delaetii (Gurke) Taylor 1997:9. Echinocereus delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97. = Echinocereus freudenbergeri. [see Echinocereus longisetus subsp. freudenbergii ]. Cereus deppei Salm-Dyck 1834:338. Type - locality: Mexico; ? (?). Note: This species is usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus cinerascens. Cereus deppei* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. = Echinocereus cinerascens. Cereus deppei* Hort. Paris ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 nom. nud. Echinocereus deppei *(Salm-Dyck) Schumann 1895:123 pro syn. = Echinocereus cinerascens. Echinocereus depressus* Haage 1900:157 nom. nud. *Echinocereus diguetii* Hort. nom. nud. = Peniocereus diguetii. Echinocereus dubius (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:787. basionym: Cereus dubius Engelmann 1856:282-283. [see in Engelmann 1859:36]. Type - locality: Texas, Hudspeth Co. near Rio Grande; Wright 410, 19 June 1852 (MO 3347359). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus malibrani* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. dubius* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. Note: This species is usually considered to be a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. enneacanthus. *Echinocereus dumenilianus Monville ex Haage 1859:19 = Echinopsis sp. Echinocereus dumesnilianus* Walton 1898:26 pro syn. = Echinocereus candicans var. dumesnilianus* Echinocereus durangensis Poselger ex Rumpler 1886:799. Type - locality: Mexico, Durango; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus acifer var. durangensis (Poselger ex Rumpler) Schumann 1897:287. Echinocereus polyacanthus var. durangensis * Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of Echinocereus polyacanthus. Echinocereus durangensis var. nigrispinus Hort. ex Rumpler 1886:800. Type - locality: Mexico, Durango; ? (?). Echinocereus durangensis var. rufispinus Hort. ex Rumpler 1886:800. Type - locality: Mexico, Durango; ? (?). Echinocereus ehrenbergii* Engelmann ex Haage 1859:19. nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Pfeiffer ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Pfeiffer ex Rumpler 1886:775. basionym: Cereus ehrenbergii Pfeiffer 1840:282. Type - locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, Mineral del Monte [according to Schumann 1897:262]; Ehrenberg (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Backeberg 1960:2003. Echinocereus cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Bravo 1974:47. Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998a:4. *Echinocereus emoryi = Bergerocactus emoryi. Echinocereus engelmannii* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus engelmannii Parry ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus engelmannii* Harry ex Seitz 1878:10. nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus engelmannii Parry ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelmann) Parry ex Rumpler 1886:805. basionym: Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann 1852:328. Type - locality: California, Mountains near San Felipe; Parry (?). [Neotype: California, San Felipe Valley; Benson 16386 (POM). Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis Benson 1969a:22. Type - locality: Arizona Maricopa Co., Crossing of New River, south side of Black Canyon Refuge, 1300 ft.; Benson 16,616, 20 Apr. 1966 (POM 311313). Echinocereus engelmannii var. albispinus Carp 1894:29. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Echinocereus engelmannii var. albispinus Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. armatus Benson 1969c:33. Type - locality: Calif., San Bernardino Co., Dead Man Point; Benson 14767, 1 Apr. 1951 (POM 284927). Echinocereus engelmannii var. bonkerae* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus bonkerae. Echinocereus engelmannii var. boyce-thompsonii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii. Echinocereus engelmannii var. caespitosus* Orcutt 1897:276 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:806. basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283. [see Englemann 1857:35]. Type - locality: Arizona, Bill Williams River; J. M. Bigelow, 13 Feb. 1854 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Orcutt 1926:4. Echinocereus engelmannii fa. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schelle 1907:135 Echinocereus engelmannii fa. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schelle 1907:135. = Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus. Echinocereus engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258. = Echinocereus decumbens. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:2. [see Blum et al. 1998b:76]. = Echinocereus decumbens. Echinocereus engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus fasciculatus. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:2. = Echinocereus fasciculatus. Note: see Blum et al. 1998b:78. Echinocereus engelmannii var. fulvispinus* Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. howei Benson 1974:80. Type - locality: Calif., San Bernardino Co., east of Goffs; D. F. Howe 4570 (POM 317,886). Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. llanuraensis (Rutow) Felger 1999: 20. Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 35: 20. =Echinocereus nicholii subsp. llanuraensis Rutow. Echinocereus engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg 1933:123. = Echinocereus munzii. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. munzii* Blum 1997 Seed List nom. nud. = Echinocereus munzii. Echinocereus engelmannii fa. munzii* (Parish) Ruinaard, Succulenta 89(3): , Nom. inval. (Art. 33.4), = Echinocereus munzii. Echinocereus engelmannii var. nicholii Benson 1944:258. Type - locality: Arizona, Pima Co., Silver Bell Mtns.; Benson 10720, 28 Mar. 1941 (Ariz 34989). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus nicholii (Benson) Parfitt 1987:157-158. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. nicholii* (Benson) Breckwoldt 1993:8 nom. inval. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. nicholii* (Benson) Breckwoldt 1993:8 nom. inval. (no basionym given) = Echinocereus engelmannii var. nicholii Echinocereus engelmannii var. pfersdorffii* Heyder ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. purpureus Benson 1969d:126-127. Type - locality: Utah, Washington Co., north of St. George, 2900 ft.; Benson 13637, 5 May 1949 (POM 285578). Echinocereus engelmannii var. robustior* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. robustior* Hildmann ex Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:806. basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. variegatus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283. [see Engelmann 1857:35]. Type - locality: Arizona, Cactus Mountains at head of Bill Williams River; J.M. Bigelow, 1 Feb. 1854 (MO 2016811). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. variegatus (Engelmann & Bigelow) E. Lutz 2000:97. Echinocereus engelmannii fa. variegatus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schelle 1907:135. = Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. variegatus* Breckwoldt 1993 in Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 44(8) nom. inval.(No basionym) = Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. variegatus ( Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow ) E. Lutz. 2000:97. = Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus. Echinocereus engelmannii var. versicolor* Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii var. versicolor Walton 1898:118, Type - locality: California (?). Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelmann 1848a:111. Type - locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, near San Pablo; Wislizenus 244, 8 Apr. 1847 (MO 83797). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus enneacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50. Note: Echinocereus lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. and Echinocereus albiflorus* Lowry 1937:20 nom. nud. are probably forms of this species. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. brevispinus Moore 1967:93-94. Type - locality: Texas, Starr Co., 8 miles East of Rio Grande City; Clover, 31 Dec 1953 (MICH). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127. Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. brevispinus (Moore) Taylor 1997:8. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127. = Echinocereus. enneacanthus fa. brevispinus. Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. brevispinus (Moore) Taylor 1997:8. = Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. brevispinus. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. brevispinus fa. carnosus* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus carnosus. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. carnosus (Rumpler) Schelle 1907:127. = Echinocereus carnosus. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. carnosus* Quehl 1908:114 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus carnosus]. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. carnosus* is attributed incorrectly to Matthson ex Schumann by Bravo 1991:76. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Benson 1974:80. = Echinocereus conglomeratus. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127. = Echinocereus dubius. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. dubius* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus dubius. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. erectus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. intermedius Moore 1967:93. Type - locality: Texas, Starr Co., off La Grulla Road, Clover, 23 Mar. 1953 (MICH 1133318). Note: Usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. brevispinus. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. major* Schelle 1907:127 nom. nud. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. major* Hort. ex Borg 1951:223 nom. inval. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. majus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. merkeri* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus merkeri. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. sarissophorus* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus sarissophorus. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127. = Echinocereus stramineus. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. uspenskii* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus uspenskii. *Echinocereus erectocentrus var. pallidus error in spelling = Echinomastus erectocentrus. Echinocereus fasciculatus (Engelmann) Benson 1969a:21. basionym: Mammillaria fasciculata* Engelmann in Emory 1848:156. nom. prov. Type - locality: Arizona, Graham Co. 6-7 miles east of Solomon. [Neotype - Benson 16633, 22 April 1966 (POM 311339) ]. Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252. Echinocereus engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:2. Note: The validity of the name Echinocereus fasciculatus is uncertain. Echinocereus robustus is usually considered to be a taxomnomic synonym of this plant. The name Mammillaria fasciculata is listed as a synonym of Cereus fendleri by Watson 1878:404. Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. abbeae* Blum 1997 Seed List nom. nud. = Echinocereus abbeae. Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1969a:22. = Echinocereus bonkerae. Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Taylor 1997:8. = Echinocereus bonkerae. Echinocereus fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21. = Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii. Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Taylor 1997:8. = Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii. Echinocereus fasciculatus var. rectispinus* Benson 1969a:131 pro syn. = Echinocereus rectispinus. Echinocereus fasciculatus fa. robustus* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus robustus. Echinocereus felixianus H. Bauer 2014. - EcJ-Online 2 Sonderheft: IX Type - locality: Mexico: Coahuila: Municipio Cuatro Cienegas de Carranza; Anonymous 005387; 2010 (JE 42/14). Echinocereus fendleri* Sencke ex Seitz 1870:11 nom. nud. [Probably a synonym of Echinocereus fendleri Loder]. Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Loder 1882:445. basionym: Cereus fendleri Engelmann 1849:51. Type - locality: New Mexico, near Santa Fe; Fendler 273, June 1846 (MO 2016839). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus melaleuca* Foster ex Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri (Engelmann) Bois 1928:371. Note: Usually listed as Echinocereus fendleri Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:801 or Senke ex Haage. 1893:22. Echinocereus fendleri var. albiflorus (Weingart) Backeberg 1960:2047. = Echinocereus albiflorus. Echinocereus fendleri fa. albiflorus* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. = Echinocereus albiflorus Weingart. Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1944:260 = Echinocereus bonkerae. Echinocereus fendleri var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1944:260. = Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii. Echinocereus fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252. = Echinocereus fasciculatus. Echinocereus fendleri var. hempelii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus hempelii. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. hempelii Blum in Blum et al. 1998a:2. [see Blum et al. 1998b:93]. = Echinocereus hempelii. Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942. = Echinocereus kuenzleri. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. kuenzleri* Blum 1997 Seed List nom. nud. = Echinocereus kuenzleri. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) W. Blum & D. Felix. 2014 - EcJ-Online 2 (2): 105. = Echinocereus kuenzleri. Echinocereus fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253. = Echinocereus ledingii. Echinocereus fendleri var. major* Haage 1900:158 nom. nud. Echinocereus fendleri var. major Rother 1930:109. Type - locality: Mexico (?) Echinocereus fendleri var. pauperculus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:275. basionym: Cereus fendleri var. pauperculus Engelmann 1849:51. Type - locality: New Mexico, near Santa Fe; Fendler, 4 Nov. 1846 (MO). Echinocereus fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) Benson 1944:259. = Echinocereus rectispinus. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. rectispinus (Peebles) Taylor 1997:9. = Echinocereus rectispinus. Echinocereus fendleri var. robustus Fobe 1911:55 [not Benson 1944]. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Echinocereus fendleri var. robustus* (Peebles) Benson 1944:259 nom. illegit. (later homonym). = Echinocereus robustus. Echinocereus fereirae* Gates 1935:154 nom. prov. for Echinocereus ferreirianus Gates 1953. [ = Gates 550] Echinocereus ferreirianus Gates 1953:8-11. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, Isla Piojo, Bahia de los Angeles; H. E. Gates, 1934 (DS 375348). Echinocereus ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46. = Echinocereus lindsayi. Echinocereus ferreirianus subsp. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1997:9. = Echinocereus lindsayi. Echinocereus ferreirrae* Gates 1935:154 nom. nud. [= Gates number 550]. = Echinocereus ferreirianus. Echinocereus fiehnii* Lau 1992:74 nom. nud. = Echinocereus russanthus var. fiehnii. Echinocereus finnii* Hort. ex Taylor 1985 101 pro syn. = Echinocereus russanthus var. fiehnii. Echinocereus fitchii Britton & Rose 1922:30. Type - locality: Texas, near Laredo; Rose 18037, 1913 (US 1821071). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127. Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Taylor 1997:9. Echinocereus fitchii var. albertii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii. Echinocereus fitchii subsp. albertii (Benson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:5. [see Blum et al. 1998b:313]. = Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii. Echinocereus fitchii var. armatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus pectinatus var. armatus. Echinocereus fitchii subsp. armatus (Poselger) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998a:5. [see Blum et al. 1998b:314]. = Echinocereus pectinatus var. armatus. Echinocereus fitchii subsp. bergmannii Blum 2005:265. Type - locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Sierra de San Carlos; Bergmann 221, 5 Sept. 2003 (UAT 021650). *Echinocereus flavescens = Haageocereus sp. Echinocereus flavidiflorus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Echinocereus flavidiflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn. = Echinocereus leonensis. Echinocereus flaviflorus (Coulter) Coulter ex Schumann 1897:274. basionym: Cereus flavidiflorus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:391. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja California del Norte, west of San Borgia; Gabb 10, 1867 (MO). Note: Usually considered a synonym of Echinocereus maritimus. Echinocereus flavispinus* Bailey 1941:270 nom. nud. Echinocereus floresii Backeberg 1949:5. Type - locality: Mexico, Sinaloa, near Topolobampo; R. Flores & F. Schwarz (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus sciurus var. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor1985b:115. Echinocereus sciurus subsp. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor1997:10. Echinocereus bristolii subsp. floresii Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:3. [see Blum et al. 1998b:353]. Echinocereus fobeanus Oehme 1940:49-50. Type - locality: unknown [Probably Coahuila]; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus chisoensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) Taylor 1985a:261. Echinocereus chisoensis subsp. fobeanus (Oehme) N.P. Taylor 2005 Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 10. Note: Taylor (1993) lists Echinocereus metornii as a taxonomic synonym of this species. Echinocereus fobeanus subsp. metornii (Frank) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998a:5. [see Blum et al. 1998b:307.] = Echinocereus metornii. Echinocereus fordtii* spelling error for Echinocactus fordtii. Echinocereus forsteri* Haage 1859:19. nom. nud. Echinocereus freudenbergeri Frank 1981:102-105. Type - locality: Mexico, Coahuila, 12 km south of Cuatro Cienegas; G. Freudenberger (ZSS AA18-27). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97. Echinocereus setosus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:76 pro syn. Echinocereus nivosus var. freudenbergeri* Parker 1996:3 nom. nud. Echinocereus longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (Frank) Blum in Blum et al. 1998a:6. [see Blum et al. 1998b:187 ]. Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus nivosus. Echinocereus galtieri* Hort. Grus. ex Schumann 1895:124 nom. nud. Echinocereus galtieri Rebut ex Fobe 1911:56. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus polyacanthus var. galtieri (Rebut ex Fobe) Schelle 1926:179. Echinocereus gentryi Clover 1938:565. Type - locality: Mexico, Sonora, Canon Saucito; H.S. Gentry, 1932 (MICH). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1984:154. Echinocereus scheeri subsp. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1997:9 Note: Echinocereus cucumis is usually considered a taxonomic synonym of this species. *Echinocereus gladiatus = Echinopsis gladiata. Echinocereus glycerius* Forster ex Haage 1859:19 nom. nud. Echinocereus glycimorphus* Forster ex Seitz 1870:11 nom. nud. Echinocereus glycimorphus Forster ex Rumpler 1886:800. Type - locality: unknown [Hidalgo near Ixmiquilpan and El Cardonal according to Schumann 1897:262] ; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus glycimorphus (Forster ex Rumpler) Orcutt 1903:5. Echinocereus cinerascens fa. glycimorphus* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. Echinocereus glycimorphus var. undulatus Schelle 1926:166. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Note: Schelle 1926:166 lists Echinocereus undulatus* Hildmann as a synonym of this variety. Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn.= Echinocereus maritimus. Echinocereus gonacanthus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus gonacanthus Loder]. Echinocereus gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Loder 1882:444. basionym: Cereus gonacanthus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283. [see Engelmann 1857:33]. Type - locality: Arizona, Apache Co., Jacobs Well, 40 mi. west of Zuni; J. M. Bigelow, 29 Nov. 1853 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281. Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36. Note: Usually listed as Echinocereus gonacanthus Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:806. *Echinocereus grahamii (Monatschrift Kakteenkunde 20:47) error for Mammillaria grahamii. Echinocereus grandis Britton & Rose 1922:18. Type - locality: Mexico, Gulf of California, San Esteban Island; J.N. Rose 16823, 13 Apr. 1911 (US). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus pectinatus var. grandis (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:68. Echinocereus hancockii Dawson 1949:89-93. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja California Sur, north side of San Hipolito Bay; E. Y. Dawson 6443, 4 April 1949 (LAM). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus maritimus var. hancockii (Dawson) Taylor 1985b:44. Echinocereus maritimus subsp. hancockii (Dawson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998a:6 [see Blum et al. 1998b:57 ]. Echinocereus havermansii* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud. Echinocereus havernicki* Hildm. ex Schwarzbach & Bitter 1915:8 nom. nud. Echinocereus hempelii Fobe 1897:187. Type - locality: Mexico [Probably Sierra del Nido, Chihuahua, Mexico] ; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus fendleri var. hempelii * Mesa Garden Seed Catalog 1996 nom. nud. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. hempelii Blum in Blum et al. 1998a:2. Note: Some authors treat Echinocereus kuenzleri as a taxonomic synonym of this species. Echinocereus hempelii var. centrispinus* Hort. nom. nud. [=HK 1489 from San Buenaventura, Chihuahua, Mexico]. Echinocereus hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:807. basionym: Cereus hexaedrus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:285. [see Engelmann 1857:34]. Type - locality: Arizona, Apache County, 15 miles west of Zuni; J. M. Bigelow, 28 Nov. 1853 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281. Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36. Echinocereus coccineus fa. hexaedrus* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Note: Considered by Taylor (1985b) as a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus. Echinocereus hidalgensis* Hort. Berol. ex Backeberg 1962:3855-3856 nom. nud. Echinocereus hildmannii Arendt 1892:146. Type - locality: unknown [West Texas according to Schelle 1926:175] ; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval. Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid (see Zimmermann 1993). Echinocereus huitcholensis (Weber) Gurke 1906:23. basionym: Cereus huitcholensis Weber 1904:383. Type - locality: Mexico, Jalisco, Sierra de los Huitcholes, 1800 m; L. Diguet, May 1900 (P). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor1988:82. Echinocereus acifer subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Lange 1994:109. Echinocereus polyacanthus var. acifer fa. huitcholensis*Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor 1997:9. *Echinocereus hypogaeus = Eridisia spiniflora. Echinocereus inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn. = Echinocereus knippelianus. *Echinocereus intricatus = Echinopsis strigosa. Echinocereus jacobyi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn. = Echinocereus merkeri. Echinocereus joconosle* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. Echinocereus klapperi Blum in Blum et al. 1998a:5. [see Blum et al. 1998b:380-383]. Type - locality:Mexico, Sonora, El Novillo,500 m., Klapper 0121, 12 March 1983 (ZSS A 17985). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus klapperi subsp. bacanorensis (Rischer & Trocha) Rischer 2003:22. Echinocereus klapperi subsp. bacanorensis (Rischer & Trocha) Rischer 2003:22. = Echinocereus salm-dyckianus subsp. bacanorensis Rischer & Trocha. Echinocereus knippelianus Liebner 1895:170. Type - locality: unknown [Relocated in Sierra Parras, Coahuila, Mexico] ; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann 1896b:262 nom. nud. Echinocereus inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn. Cereus knippelianus (Liebner) Orcutt 1902:27. Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. kaplanii Halda & Stadkovshy 2000:34. Type - locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, North West of Los Mimbres alt. 2510 m.; Halda & Stadkovshy 8504132 (PR). Echinocereus knippelianus var. kruegeri Glass & Foster 1978b:80. Type - locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, north of Ascencion near San Juanito; Glass & Foster 3902, 1 Mar. 1972 (POM). Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. kruegeri (Glass & Foster) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998b:248. = Echinocereus knippelianus var. kruegeri. Echinocereus knippelianus var. kruegeri fa. reyesii* Parker 1996:3 nom. nud. = Echinocereus knippelianus var. reyesii. Echinocereus knippelianus var. reyesii Lau 1980:264-265. Type - locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, between Siberia & Encantada; Lau 1237A, Apr. 1977 (POM). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus knippelianus var. kruegeri fa. reyesii*Parker 1996:3 nom. nud. Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. reyesii (Lau) Blum & Lange in Blum et al.1998:250. = Echinocereus knippelianus var. reyesii. Echinocereus knippelianus var. robustispinus* Hort. nom. nud. = Echinocereus knippelianus var. reyesii. Echinocereus knippelianus var. schaetzleii* Nitzschke 1990:43 nom. prov. Echinocereus knippelianus var. siberi giberia* Heyer 1989:26 nom. nud. Echinocereus koehresianus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. = Echinocereus scheeri var. koehresianus. Echinocereus koehresii* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. = Echinocereus scheeri var. koehresianus. Echinocereus koehresii (Frank) Rischer 2009:73 = Echinocereus scheeri var. koehresianus. Echinocereus koehresianus subsp. gruberianus W. Rischer 2014. - EcJ-Online 2 (1): 9. Type - locality: Mexico, Durango, Municipio Tayoltita; Chalet 5245, 7 May 2010 (IBUG). Echinocereus krausei De Smet ex Rumpler 1886:789. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Note: This plant is usually listed as a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus coccineus. Echinocereus kroenleinii* Hort. nom. nud. = Wilcoxia kroenleinii. Wilcoxia kroenleinii Cartier 1980:2-3. Type - locality: unknown, Kuenzler 379 (P) [Probably from Coahuila, Mexico] . Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii (Cartier) Lange 1995:138. Echinocereus poselgeri fa. kroenleinii* Parker 1996:6 nom. nud. Echinocereus kuenzleri Castetter et al. 1976:77-78. Type - locality: New Mexico, Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., Elk; Kuenzler 3585, 5 May 1968 (UNM 55571). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus pseudohempelii* Kunzler Cat. nom. nud. Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942. Echinocereus fendleri var. hempelii fa. kuenzleri* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. kuenzleri* Blum 1997 Seed List nom. nud. Echinocereus fendleri subsp. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) W. Blum & D. Felix. 2014 - EcJ-Online 2 (2): 105. Echinocereus kuenzlerioides* Hort. nom. nud. = Echinocereus kuenzleri. Echinocereus kunzei Gurke 1907:103-104. Type - locality: Arizona, near Phoenix [southern New Mexico according to Britton & Rose 1922:31] ; Kunze (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus coccineus var. kunzei (Gurke) Backeberg 1960:2070. Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid. (see Zimmermann 1993). Echinocereus laboretianus Daul 1890:76. Type - locality: unknown; ? (?). Note:Usually considered a synonym of Echinocereus viridiflorus. Echinocereus labouretianus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus laboretianus]. Echinocereus labouretianus var. chrysacanthus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud. Echinocereus labouretianus var. gracilispinus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud. Echinocereus labouretianus var. sanguineus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud. Echinocereus labouretii* Forster ex Haage 1859:19 nom. nud. Echinocereus labouretii* Forster ex Rumpler 1886:811 pro syn. = Echinocereus viridiflorus. Ecinocereus laboureti var. gracilispinus* Rother 1925:114. *Echinocereus lamprochlorus = Echinopsis lamprochlora. Echinocereus laui Frank 1978:74-77. Type - locality: Mexico, Sonora, east of Yecora, El Trigo Ranch, 1800m; A. Lau 780, Jan. 1974 (ZSS AA18- 24). Echinocereus ledingii Peebles 1936:35. Type - locality: Arizona, Graham Co., Mt. Graham, 4500 ft.; Louis Wankum, 11 July 1935 (US 1634004). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253. Echinocereus leeanus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus leeanus Lemaire ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus leeanus (Hooker) Lemaire ex Rumpler 1886:828. basionym: Cereus leeanus Hooker 1849:t4417. Type - locality: Northern Mexico; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus polyacanthus var. leeanus* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Note: Often considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus polyacanthus. Echinocereus leeanus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rumpler) Schumann 1897:289. = Echinocereus multicostatus. Echinocereus leonensis Mathsson 1891:66. Type - locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey; 1800ft. Runge (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus flaviflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn. Cereus leonensis (Mathsson) Berger 1905:80. Echinocereus blanckii var. leonensis (Mathsson) Backeberg1960:1999. Echinocereus pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1985b:78. Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1997:9. Cereus leptacanthus* De Candolle ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. = Echinocereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus. Echinocereus leptacanthus Gaillard 1864:209. = Cereus leptacanthus De Candolle ex Salm Dyck 1845:27. nomina nova for Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus De Candolle. Cereus leptacanthus var. crassior* De Candolle ex Forster 1846:373 nom. nud. Echinocereus leptophus* Gassner Hauptverzeichnis 1937:6 nom. nud. Echinocereus leucanthus Taylor 1985b:136-137 [New name needed because Echinocereus albiflorus already used]. basionym: Wilcoxia albiflora Backeberg 1952:16. Type - locality: unknown [Probably northwest Sinaloa, Mexico]. (P) [cultivated material from Les Cedres]. Echinocereus leucodictius* Engelmann ex Haage 1859:19 nom. nud. Echinocereus liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann 1896b:262 nom. nud. [Probably a printing error]. = Echinocereus knippelianus. *Echinocereus limensis = Haageocereus sp . Echinocereus lindsayi Meyran 1975:80-83. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, between Catavina & Laguna Chapala; Meyran et al., 8 May 1975 (MEXU). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46. Echinocereus ferreirianus subsp. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1997:9 Echinocereus llanuraensis (Rutow) W. Blum & D. Felix 2002:3 = Echinocereus nicholii (Benson) subsp. llanuraensis Rutow Echinocereus lloydii Britton & Rose 1922:37-38. Type - locality: Texas, Pecos Co., Tuna Springs; F.E. Lloyd, 26-28 Feb. 1909 (US 691964). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1960:2027. Echinocereus coccineus fa. lloydii* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. ×Echinocereus lloydii. Note: This species is a natural hybrid. Echinocereus longisetus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus longisetus Engelmann ex Rumpler]. Echinocereus longisetus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886: 822. basionym: Cereus longisetus Engelmann 1856:280. [see Engelmann 1859:32-33, t. 45]. Type - locality: Mexico, Coahuila, Mtns. near Santa Rosa [Melchor Muzquiz]; J. M. Bigelow, 1853 (MO). Echinocereus longisetus var. albatus* Sterk 1980:12-13 nom. inval. = Echinocereus albatus* Backeberg nom. inval. Echinocereus longisetus var. delaetii (Gurke) Taylor 1988:79. = Echinocereus delaetii. Echinocereus longisetus subsp. delaetii (Gurke) Taylor 1997:9. = Echinocereus delaetii. Echinocereus longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (Frank) Blum in Blum et al. 1998a:6. [see Blum et al. 1998b:187]. = Echinocereus freudenbergeri. Echinocereus longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:180 pro syn. = Echinocereus acifer. Echinocereus longispinus Lahman 1950:128. [Originally published Lahman 1936:15 without Latin diagnosis]. Type - locality: Oklahoma, Mt. Scott; Lahman (MO). Note: Usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus baileyi. Echinocereus longispinus var. albispinus* Backeberg 1960:2010 pro syn. = Echinocereus albispinus Lahman. Echinocereus lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. [Probably a form of Echinocereus enneacanthus]. Echinocereus luteus Britton & Rose 1913:239. Type - locality: Mexico, Sonora, Mtns. above Alamos; Rose et al. 15207, 19 March 1910 (US 535975). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth 1935:312. Echinocereus subinermis fa. luteus* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Echinocereus madrensis Patoni 1910:42. Type - locality: Mexico, Durango, high Sierra Madre; ? (?). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus adustus var. schwarzii fa. madrensis* Parker 1996:6. nom. nud. Echinocereus malibrani* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud. [Probably = Echinocereus dubius (According to Schelle 1907:135) ]. Echinocereus mamillatus (Engelmann ex Coulter) Britton & Rose 1922:41. basionym: Cereus mamillatus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:405. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja California, south of Mulege, Gabb 16, 1867 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus brandegeei fa. mamillatus* Parker 1996:1 nom. nud. Note: Usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus brandegeei. Echinocereus mamillifer* Forster ex Haage 1859:19 nom. nud. Echinocereus mamilliter* Forster ex Seitz 1870:11 nom. nud. Echinocereus mamillosus Hort. ex Rumpler 1886:787. Type - locality: unknown. Echinocereus mapimiensis Anderson et al. 1998:284-285. Type - locality: Mexico, Coahuila, Bolson de Mapimi, Keil 8136, 22 Aug 1971 (DES). Echinocereus marginii* Ely 1935:6 nom. nud. Echinocereus mariae* Backeberg 1965:2, 19 nom. inval. (no type designated). Note: A form of Echinocereus baileyi from northwest of Granite, Oklahoma. Echinocereus maritimus (Jones) Schumann 1897:273-274. basionym: Cereus maritimus Jones 1883:973. Type - locality: Mexico, Baja California, Norte, near Ensenada; M.E. Jones, April 1882 (POM). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn. Note: Echinocereus orcuttii and Echinocereus flaviflorus Coulter ex Schumann are usually considered taxonomic synonyms of this species. Echinocereus maritimus var. hancockii Taylor 1985b:44 = Echinocereus hancockii. Echinocereus maritimus subsp. hancockii (Dawson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998a:6. [see Blum et al. 1998b:57]. = Echinocereus hancockii. Echinocereus marksianus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1966:124 nom. inval. (no type designated). Note: From Northern Mexico. Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of Echinocereus polyacanthus var. densus. Echinocereus matlesianus* Backeberg ex Bravo 1991:26 misspelling = Echinocereus matthesianus* Backeberg. Echinocereus matthesianus* Backeberg 1963:6 nom. inval. (no type designated). Note: Taylor (1993) lists this name as a synonym of Echinocereus polyacanthus. Echinocereus matudae Bravo 1961:119-121. Type - locality: Mexico, Chihuhaua, Rio Papigochic near Temosochic; Matuda (MEXU). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Lange & Rutow 1994:51. Echinocereus coccineus var. arizonicus fa. matudae* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Echinocereus melaleuca* Foster ex Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. [Probably= Echinocereus fendleri]. Echinocereus melanacanthus* Engelmann ex Earl 1963:61 printing error.= Echinocereus coccineus. Echinocereus melanocentrus* Lowry 1936:20 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis). = Echinocereus melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg. Echinocereus melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg 1960:2030 nom. inval. (no type designated). Note: usually considered a synonym of Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii. Echinocereus merkeri* Hildmann ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud. Echinocereus merkeri Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:277. Type - locality: unknown [range given as Durango near Cd. Lerdo, Coahuila, Sierra Bola & near Parras]. Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus jacoybi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn. Cereus merkeri (Hildmann ex Schumann) Berger 1905:81. Echinocereus enneacanthus fa. merkeri* Parker 1996:2 nom. nud. Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus enneacanthus. Echinocereus merkeri var. densispinus* Schmoll ex Backeberg 1960:2051 nom. nud. Echinocereus metornii Frank 1990b:210-218. Type - locality: Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Mojada, 1500m, Metorn 49, 4 April 1989 (ZSS). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus chisoensis var. metornii* Parker 1996:5 nom. nud. Echinocereus fobeanus subsp. metornii (Frank) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998b:307. Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus fobeanus. Echinocereus milleri Blum, Kunzler & Oldach. in Blum & Oldach 1999:69-76. Type - locality: Robert Lee, Coke Co., Texas. Leuck 229, August 1978 (OKL). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus russanthus subsp. milleri* Blum 1997 Seed List nom. nud. Echinocereus moelleri* Hort. (Cactus & Succulents Journal (US) 13:22 1941) nom. nud. Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:803. basionym: Cereus mojavensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281.[see Engelmann 1857:33]. Type - locality: California, Mojave Creek; J.M. Bigelow, 4 March 1854 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus bigelovii* Engelmann 1856:pl. 4 nom. nud. Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Benson 1944:255. Echinocereus coccineus var. mojavensis* Parker 1996:4 nom. nud. Echinocereus coccineus subsp. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Taylor 1997:8. Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998b:362. Echinocereus mojavensis var. albispinus* Hort. ex Schelle1926:167 nom. nud. Echinocereus mojavensis fa. inermis* Mesa Garden Seed Catalog1996 nom. nud. = Echinocereus coccineus var. inermis. Echinocereus mojavensis var. zuniensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rumpler 1886:803. basionym: Cereus mojavensis var. zuniensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281. Type - locality: Arizona, Canon Diablo, on Little Colorado River; J.M. Bigelow, 14 Dec. 1853 (MO). Nomenclatural synonyms: Cereus bigelovii var. zuniensis* Engelmann 1857: t. 4 nom. nud. Echinocereus zuniensis* Eng. & Big. ex Haage & Schmidt nom. nud. Echinocereus mombergerianus Frank 1990c:261 (Originally published Frank 1989:272-277 with no type designated). Type - locality: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Hidalgo Observatory; Lau 1248 (ZSS). Nomenclatural synonyms: Echinocereus polyacanthus var. mombergerianus* Parker1996:4 nom. nud. Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15. Echinocereus pacificus subsp. mombergerianus Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998b:418. Echinocereus monacanthus Heese 1904:215. Type - locality: Texas - Mexico Border, Rancho Tacubaya. Note: Usually considered a taxonomic synonym of Echinocereus paucispinus.